Myanmar :Red Karen(克耶族)

Karenni, also known as Red Karen or Kayah(克耶族), are a Sino-Tibetan people, living mostly in Kayah State of Burma. Many tribes call themselves "Kayan," with both Red Karen and White Karen use that spelling for "Karen". There are also Kayah in Thailand.

克耶族，又称红克伦，是克伦族的一个支系，主要分布在缅甸克耶邦和泰国最西北的夜丰颂府。克耶语属于藏缅语族克伦语支。缅甸政府1983年统计有14万克耶人，但实际人口肯定远远超过这个数目。

缅甸政府把它承认的135个民族按地理分布分成八大族群,官方的族群划分不能完全体现民族之间语言、习俗等方面的亲疏关系。克耶族群，主要分布在克耶邦，分9个民族，包括克耶族(Kayah), 扎延族(Zayein),加扬族(Kayun/Padaung)。盖哥族(Cheko), 盖巴族(Kebar),盖巴族(Bre/Ka-Yaw),马努马瑙族(Manu Manaw),因达莱族(Yin Talai),and 因包族(Yin Baw).

克耶邦西南部的贝族(Bre)和克耶族(Kayah)关系密切。

Karen-Ni was the country of the Red Karens, a collection of small states, formally independent, which had feudal ties to Burma. The states were bounded on the north by the Shan states of Mong Pai, Hsatung and Mawkmai; on the east, they were bounded by Thailand; on the south by the Papun district of Lower Burma; and on the west a stretch of mountainous country, inhabited by the Bre and various other small tribes. During British rule in Burma, Karen-Ni had a guard of military police, which was posted at the village of Loikaw.

The Karenni States is the name formerly given to the three states of Kantarawadi (3,161 square miles or 8,190 square kilometres, pop (1931) 30,677), Kyebogyi (790 square miles or 2,000 square kilometres, pop (1931) 14,282) and Bawlake (568 square miles or 1,470 square kilometres, pop (1931) 13,802), located south of the Federated Shan States and east of British Burma.

Kerenni State/Kayah State克耶邦 /克伦尼邦/红克伦邦

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The British government recognized and guaranteed the independence of the Karenni States in an 1875 treaty with Burmese King Mindon Min, by which both parties recognized the area as belonging neither to Burma nor to Great Britain. Consequently, the Karenni States were never fully incorporated into British Burma. The Karenni States were recognized as tributary to British Burma in 1892, when their rulers agreed to accept a stipend from the British government.

In the 1930s, the Mawchi Mine in Bawlake was the most important source of tungsten in the world. The Constitution of the Union of Burma in 1947 proclaimed that the three Karenni States be amalgamated into a single constituent state of the union, called Karenni State. It also provided for the possibility of secession from the Union after 10 years. In 1952, the former Shan state of Mong Pai was added, and the whole renamed Kayah State, possibly with the intent of driving a wedge between the Karenni and the Karen, both of whom were by now fighting for independence.

The state capital is Loikaw. The state is divided into 2 districts (Bawlake and Loikaw) which are divided into seven townships with 106 wards and villages.

克耶邦 ,也称克伦尼邦（红克伦邦），是缅甸的一个邦，位于该国东南部内陆。面积11,670平方公里，人口259,000人。首府垒固。下分2县。

当地的克耶族 （自1948年以来）正与缅甸军政府进行游击战。

Kayah composed 56.12%, while Bamar (17.58%), Shan (16.66%), Karen (6.45%), mixed races(2.08%), and other groups formed minorities. Pa-O in surrounding hills.

Refugee Camp at Mae Hong Song Province ,Thailand

1. Ban Kwai/Nai Soi - 14,505 refugee(2009),included Kayan.
2. Ban Mae Surin - 3,713 refugee(2009)

Websites related to Kayah

* http://www.karennihomeland.com/
* http://huaypukeng.com/
* http://www.karennisu.org/
* http://www.knrf.org/